img width="800" height="530" title="Generation and validation of MUC5B/AC-KO cultures. (A) Overview of the MUC5B/MUC5AC gene-targeting approach via lentivirus-mediated delivery of sgRNA and CRISPR-Cas9. Transduced and sorted cells were differentiated at air-liquid interface (ALI). Once fully differentiated, the mucus gel was collected by apically washing cultures. HEK293T, human embryonic kidney–293T; FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorting; EGFP, green fluorescent protein. (B) TEER measurements in fully differentiated MUC5B/MUC5AC KO cultures. KO1 corresponds to BCi-NS1.1 cells transduced with sgRNA1, and KO2 corresponds to cells transduced with sgRNA2. (n = 4 biological replicates). No statistically significant differences between groups as assessed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). (C) Immunofluorescence staining for MUC5B (green) and MUC5AC (orange) in MUC5B/AC-KO cultures. Nuclei were stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (blue). Representative two-dimensional (2D) projections from z-stack images for each secreted mucin are shown. Cultures were washed with 10 mM dithiothreitol before fixing and staining for intracellular mucins. Scale bar, 10 μm. (D) Western blot analysis of mucus gels collected from apical washes of fully differentiated control and KO cultures. Samples were separated by electrophoresis (4 to 20% tris-glycine gel, reducing conditions) and detected by immunoblot for MUC5B and MUC5AC. Credit: Science Advances (2022). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq5049" alt="Researchers study the mucus clearance system in human airways" src="/Editor/ebioueditorasp/asp/upload/image/20221207/16704051458325789.jpg"