来自中国科学院上海有机化学研究所生命有机化学国家重点实验室的研究人员发表了题为“Hijacking a hydroxyethyl unit from a central metabolic ketose into a nonribosomal peptide assembly line”的文章,经过几年的努力,通过体内相关基因敲除-回补以及体外酶催化反应等多种实验手段相结合的方式,阐明了二碳单元的独特生源合成机制,相关成果公布在《美国国家科学院院刊》(PNAS)杂志上。
生物通报道:来自中国科学院上海有机化学研究所生命有机化学国家重点实验室的研究人员发表了题为“Hijacking a hydroxyethyl unit from a central metabolic ketose into a nonribosomal peptide assembly line”的文章,经过几年的努力,通过体内相关基因敲除-回补以及体外酶催化反应等多种实验手段相结合的方式,阐明了二碳单元的独特生源合成机制,相关成果公布在《美国国家科学院院刊》(PNAS)杂志上。
Hijacking a hydroxyethyl unit from a central metabolic ketose into a nonribosomal peptide assembly line
Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) usually catalyze the biosynthesis of peptide natural products by sequential selection, activation, and condensation of amino acid precursors. It was reported that some fatty acids, α-ketoacids, and α-hydroxyacids originating from amino acid metabolism as well as polyketide-derived units can also be used by NRPS assembly lines as an alternative to amino acids. Ecteinascidin 743 (ET-743), naphthyridinomycin (NDM), and quinocarcin (QNC) are three important antitumor natural products belonging to the tetrahydroisoquinoline family. Although ET-743 has been approved as an anticancer drug, the origin of an identical two-carbon (C2) fragment among these three antibiotics has not been elucidated despite much effort in the biosynthetic research in the past 30 y. Here we report that two unexpected two-component transketolases (TKases), NapB/NapD in the NDM biosynthetic pathway and QncN/QncL in QNC biosynthesis, catalyze the transfer of a glycolaldehyde unit from ketose to the lipoyl group to yield the glycolicacyl lipoic acid intermediate and then transfer the C2 unit to an acyl carrier protein (ACP) to form glycolicacyl-S-ACP as an extender unit for NRPS. Our results demonstrate a unique NRPS extender unit directly derived from ketose phosphates through (α,β-dihydroxyethyl)-thiamin diphosphate and a lipoyl group-tethered ester intermediate catalyzed by the TKase-ACP platform in the context of NDM and QNC biosynthesis, all of which also highlights the biosynthesis of ET-743. This hybrid system and precursor are distinct from the previously described universal modes involving the NRPS machinery. They exemplify an alternate strategy in hybrid NRPS biochemistry and enrich the diversity of precursors for NRPS combinatorial biosynthesis.