钱维军文章提出蛋白质组学研究难点

　　

生物通报道：来自美国能源部西北太平洋国家实验室PNNL(Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)的研究人员提出了蛋白质组学研究在临床应用中液相层析技术中的关键点和难点，并将这一研究成果公布在《Molecular & Cellular Proteomics》（MCP）杂志上。

文章的第一作者是来自PNNL的钱维军博士（Wei-jun Qian，音译）。

原文摘要：
Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 5:1727-1744, 2006.
Advances and Challenges in Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-based Proteomics Profiling for Clinical Applications
[Abstract]

人们常说“血浓于水”，除了说明家族之间关系的密切性以外，这个习语也告诉我们，血液是由不同蛋白和其它成份组成的复杂复合物，这构成了我们人类的差异性，但也给研究人员带来了极大的分离困难。

血液用于评价一个人的健康状况已经由来已久了，这是由于不像其它细胞或者组织，血液可以方便的取得，而且几乎包含了身体内所有的蛋白，但是在这篇文章中，研究人员提出“重要蛋白实际上存在的浓度是极其低的”，因此现在已经需要重新考虑血液在蛋白分析方面的作用了。

研究报告提到“利用蛋白组学方法是否可以精确的检测和辨认血浆中疾病的生物标记（biomarkers）？”这也导致研究人员对其它研究对象的怀疑，比如脑脊髓液，支气管肺泡灌洗液（bronchoalveolar lavage fluid），生理滑液，乳头吸取液(nipple aspirate fluid），唾液，尿液，以及肿瘤间质液体（tumor interstitial fluids）。

正如那篇文章中提及的，“血液大部分是由几种非常高浓度的蛋白组成——22种高丰度蛋白代表了血浆中总蛋白量的99%”，所以无论分析的是血清还是粘液，低丰度蛋白也许都无法被检测到。而且血浆中蛋白集合的蛋白浓度是在一个高动态范围内（(>10 orders of magnitude）变动——从45 mg/ml的血清白蛋白，到1–10 pg/ml或更低的趋化因子。除此之外还有翻译后修饰的可变性，拼接，以及人类遗传变异和蛋白分离影响。
（生物通：张迪）

附：
美国能源部：西北太平洋国家实验室PNNL(Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) 

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