管轶最新《Nature》文章 证实新流感确实来自猪

　　

生物通报道，香港大学医学院、爱丁堡大学、亚利桑那大学以及牛津大学合作的H1N1新型流感研究成果Origins and evolutionary genomics of the 2009 swine-origin H1N1 influenza A epidemic，发表在最新的《Nature》在线版上，文章通讯作者是权威流感专家管轶教授。

 

目前生物通记者张欢已经连线管轶教授，关于新流感的更多信息请留意生物通的专访文章。http://www.ebiotrade.com/newsf/2009-6/2009617154410706.htm

 

新型H1N1由2个猪流感病毒重组而成

管轶教授等人主要从基因组学上研究最新H1N1流感的源头和该病毒的进化历程。他们的研究结果发现，H1N1流感病毒由2种猪流感病毒的基因重组而形成，并且研究结果表明，这2种猪流感病毒在猪群间流行了至少10年。

 

这一结果也粉碎了坊间流传的“新病毒由实验室泄露出去”的流言。

 

据悉，这一重组病毒可能早在1月份已经开始传播到人类身上，比墨西哥今年3月发生的病例还早几个月。基因分析结果表明，由于该重组病毒携带有猪流感的病毒基因，因此这一新流感病毒极有可能在人类间大范围流行，成就21世纪的第一场流感大流行。

 

猪是重点监控对象

文章还指出，由于流感病毒的重组变异能力强，监控猪群的流感疫情具有十分重要的意义。本次的大流行，就是由于没有对猪群间的流感病毒进行系统的监控，导致该病毒一直存在且有机会不停演变。

 

因此说，系统的监控猪群的流感疫情有助人类防止猪流感病毒更新升级演变成人流感。

（生物通 张欢）

 

了解更多管轶教授的早期言论，请阅读生物通专访管轶教授的报道

http://www.ebiotrade.com/newsf/2009-4/2009430123412247.htm

 

管轶

现时为香港大学“新发传染性疾病国家重点实验室”主任，香港大学微生物学系教授。是当今禽流感病毒国际权威之一。2003年SARS肆虐期间，正是是他首次分离获得了非典病原。

 

生物通推荐原文检索：

Nature advance online publication 11 June 2009 | doi:10.1038/nature08182; Received 24 May 2009; Accepted 4 June 2009; Published online 11 June 2009

 

Origins and evolutionary genomics of the 2009 swine-origin H1N1 influenza A epidemicnear-final version

 

Gavin J. D. Smith1, Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna1, Justin Bahl1, Samantha J. Lycett2, Michael Worobey3, Oliver G. Pybus4, Siu Kit Ma1, Chung Lam Cheung1, Jayna Raghwani2, Samir Bhatt4, J. S. Malik Peiris1, Yi Guan1 & Andrew Rambaut2

 

State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases & Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China

Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85705, USA

Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK

 

【Abstract】

In March and early April 2009, a new swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV) emerged in Mexico and the United States1. During the first few weeks of surveillance, the virus spread worldwide to 30 countries (as of May 11) by human-to-human transmission, causing the World Heath Organisation to raise its pandemic alert to level 5 of 6. This virus has the potential to develop into the first influenza pandemic of the twenty-first century. Here we use evolutionary analysis to estimate the timescale of the origins and the early development of the S-OIV epidemic. We show that it was derived from several viruses circulating in swine, and that the initial transmission to humans occurred several months before recognition of the outbreak. A phylogenetic estimate of the gaps in genetic surveillance indicates a long period of unsampled ancestry before the S-OIV outbreak, suggesting that the reassortment of swine lineages may have occurred years before human emergence, and that the multiple genetic ancestry of S-OIV is not indicative of an artificial origin. Furthermore, the unsampled history of the epidemic means that the nature and location of the genetically closest swine viruses reveal little about the immediate origin of the epidemic, despite the fact that we included a panel of closely related and previously unpublished swine influenza isolates. Our results highlight the need for systematic surveillance of influenza in swine, and provide evidence that the mixing of new genetic elements in swine can result in the emergence of viruses with pandemic potential in humans.