德国大学的世界排名偏后，那又如何？

　　

德国大学的世界排名偏后，那又如何？ 武夷山   德国的总体科技实力在世界上属于前5名之列，这是毫无疑义的。但是，德国大学的世界排名不太理想。 据Nature杂志2004年427卷总6972期188页报道，德国总理施罗德2004年1月初表示，德国至少要创办一所能与美国和英国的名牌大学媲美的大学。根据上海交通大学高等教育研究所的大学排行榜，当时，德国最好的大学――慕尼黑大学在世界上排在第48位。 5年来，德国的努力有没有成效呢？ 据英国Times Higher Education-QS 2009年的大学排行榜（见下面的表，http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/Rankings2009-Top200.html），德国排名最靠前的大学是慕尼黑理工大学，排在第55位，与东京工学院并列，而它在2008年则排在世界第78位。这一变化幅度很大，一年前进了23位，在前55位的大学中是进步最快的，但是，位次仍旧很靠后，与国家的科技地位是不相称的。相形之下，我国的香港大学、香港科技大学、香港中文大学、清华大学和北京大学都排在慕尼黑理工大学前面。     我在“我们该向德国学习什么” （http://www.sciencenet.cn/m/user_content.aspx?id=12136）一文中指出：德国奉行“综合理性”。其表现之一是：德国政府非常重视缩小地区发展差距，追求较平衡的发展。与地区差距相对较小相一致的是，德国大学之间的水平差异也不是很大（http://www.moe.gov.cn/moe-direct/fazhanyjzx/217.htm）。而在美国和中国，州（省）际的发展水平差异是很大的，大学之间的水平差异也很大。我认为，这恰恰是德国的一大优点。即使没有哪家德国大学在世界大学排行榜上排名靠前，也没有什么大不了的。如果中国的最好大学在世界上的排位下降了，但是，中国的实际科技水平在提高，地区差距与校际差距在缩小，我倒要额手称庆呢。     Top 200 world universities   1 1 Harvard University US 100 100 98 100 85 78 100.0 2 3 University of Cambridge UK 100 100 100 89 98 96 99.6 3 2 Yale University US 100 99 100 94 85 77 99.1 4 7 University College London UK 98 99 100 90 96 99 99.0 5= 6 Imperial College London UK 100 100 100 80 98 100 97.8 5= 4 University of Oxford UK 100 100 100 80 96 97 97.8 7 8 University of Chicago US 100 99 97 88 77 83 96.8 8 12 Princeton University US 100 96 82 100 89 81 96.6 9 9 Massachusetts Institute of Technology US 100 100 89 100 31 95 96.1 10 5 California Institute of Technology US 99 72 87 100 100 89 95.9 11 10 Columbia University US 100 99 97 92 28 89 95.6 12 11 University of Pennsylvania US 96 99 85 98 82 60 94.2 13 13= Johns Hopkins University US 98 79 100 99 28 71 94.1 14 13= Duke University US 95 97 100 93 29 62 92.9 15 15 Cornell University US 100 99 85 94 28 73 92.5 16 17 Stanford University US 100 100 71 100 25 96 92.2 17 16 Australian National University Australia 100 91 75 74 99 92 90.5 18 20 McGill University Canada 100 97 92 61 67 95 90.4 19 18 University of Michigan US 99 99 85 81 57 52 89.9 20= 23 University of Edinburgh UK 97 99 84 65 93 86 89.3 20= 24 ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) Switzerland 97 80 55 99 100 94 89.3 22 19 University of Tokyo Japan 100 97 98 70 28 42 88.9 23 22 King’s College London UK 91 98 90 67 92 88 88.4 24 26 University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 96 89 87 56 100 95 87.5 25 25 Kyoto University Japan 100 93 81 85 32 26 87.1 26 29 University of Manchester UK 94 100 79 58 90 87 85.7 27 21 Carnegie Mellon University US 94 93 56 88 62 96 85.6 28 28 Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris France 94 87 100 53 76 61 85.4 29 41 University of Toronto Canada 100 96 63 74 82 51 85.3 30 30= National University of Singapore Singapore 100 96 40 75 100 100 84.3 31 27 Brown University US 88 85 67 97 53 55 83.9 32= 30= University of California, Los Angeles US 100 98 46 100 21 33 83.5 32= 33 Northwestern University US 86 97 78 79 28 100 83.5 34 32 University of Bristol UK 83 99 84 69 85 77 83.4 35 39 Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong 89 86 84 54 100 99 83.3 36= 34= Ecole Polytechnique France 76 99 100 65 63 95 83.1 36= 38 University of Melbourne Australia 100 100 57 61 59 97 83.1 36= 37 University of Sydney Australia 99 97 58 53 99 95 83.1 39 36 University of California, Berkeley US 100 100 25 100 86 34 82.7 40 34= University of British Columbia Canada 100 93 51 77 34 60 81.2 41 43 University of Queensland Australia 94 95 47 67 99 82 80.7 42 50= Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland 67 70 92 84 100 100 80.6 43= 44 Osaka University Japan 92 73 90 68 24 33 80.1 43= 49 Trinity College Dublin Ireland 88 96 72 49 98 83 80.1 45 47 Monash University Australia 98 99 56 42 95 96 80.0 46 42 Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 87 77 77 55 97 79 79.6 47= 45 University of New South Wales Australia 96 99 39 62 82 93 79.0 47= 50= Seoul National University South Korea 99 69 92 47 29 33 79.0 49= 53 University of Amsterdam Netherlands 93 81 73 62 71 32 78.9 49= 56 Tsinghua University China 98 83 95 34 45 34 78.9 51 48 University of Copenhagen Denmark 84 67 100 48 71 73 78.8 52= 40 New York University US 94 94 75 53 26 52 78.4 52= 50= Peking University China 100 93 89 35 24 30 78.4 54 46 Boston University US 87 87 68 67 25 89 77.8 55= 78= Technical University of Munich Germany 73 90 92 58 56 74 76.3 55= 61 Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan 81 79 72 80 31 49 76.3 57 57 Heidelberg University Germany 90 47 77 58 58 80 76.2 58 69 University of Warwick UK 86 100 63 39 85 97 75.7 59 74 University of Alberta Canada 88 71 65 52 91 66 75.4 60 64 Leiden University Netherlands 89 58 35 97 74 40 75.3 61= 65 University of Auckland New Zealand 95 96 36 45 93 99 74.7 61= 55 University of Wisconsin-Madison US 90 76 44 87 29 36 74.7 63= 81= Aarhus University Denmark 83 51 65 75 69 66 74.5 63= 71 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign US 92 66 23 93 72 49 74.5 65 72 Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Belgium 94 80 35 73 55 55 74.2 66 75 University of Birmingham UK 78 93 57 63 83 76 73.9 67= 66 London School of Economics UK 89 100 53 29 100 100 73.7 67= 88 Lund University Sweden 84 59 55 78 57 62 73.7 69 95 Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology South Korea 84 52 77 65 47 31 72.6 70= 67 Utrecht University Netherlands 87 65 61 71 43 24 72.4 70= 81= University of York UK 63 95 75 61 95 83 72.4 72 68 University of Geneva Switzerland 68 36 54 96 97 100 72.3 73= 77 Nanyang Technological University Singapore 86 84 44 44 100 100 72.0 73= 60 Washington University in St Louis US 57 50 95 98 30 53 72.0 75 63 Uppsala University Sweden 89 51 42 80 68 40 71.9 76= 58 University of California, San Diego US 98 51 17 100 22 27 71.5 76= 70 University of Texas at Austin US 93 92 29 65 55 41 71.5 78 102= University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill US 72 78 72 82 23 26 71.3 79 73 University of Glasgow UK 73 83 67 64 58 60 71.2 80 59 University of Washington US 83 46 45 99 25 36 71.1 81 106= University of Adelaide Australia 78 87 38 62 87 96 70.8 82 76 University of Sheffield UK 65 97 70 59 81 76 70.6 83 78= Delft University of Technology Netherlands 78 88 57 49 84 73 70.4 84 83= University of Western Australia Australia 72 81 50 63 99 87 70.2 85 54 Dartmouth College US 58 93 60 100 34 52 70.1 86 83= Georgia Institute of Technology US 76 81 23 99 36 77 70.0 87= 99= Purdue University US 83 83 38 58 94 60 69.8 87= 83= University of St Andrews UK 57 92 74 61 91 99 69.8 89 108 University College Dublin Ireland 72 94 67 37 95 90 69.7 90 62 Emory University US 51 68 94 90 41 45 69.6 91 86 University of Nottingham UK 70 99 61 48 84 86 69.4 92= 120 Nagoya University Japan 67 77 89 61 28 34 69.2 92= 106= University of Zurich Switzerland 79 37 22 98 99 71 69.2 94 137= Free University of Berlin Germany 87 31 28 92 49 63 69.0 95= 99= University of Southampton UK 64 87 66 59 86 76 68.9 95= 124= National Taiwan University Taiwan 93 82 39 57 29 25 68.9 97 112 Tohoku University Japan 67 58 98 58 36 32 68.6 98 93= Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich Germany 86 45 34 76 53 66 68.4 99 104 University of Leeds UK 73 99 57 48 75 62 68.3 100 78= Rice University US 56 44 86 87 38 67 68.1 101 177= University of Oslo Norway 77 62 85 40 32 58 67.7 102 93= Hebrew University of Jerusalem Israel 87 24 43 77 61 32 67.3 103= 122= Durham University UK 62 99 56 60 91 69 67.2 103= 113 Fudan University China 90 84 44 44 29 47 67.2 105 87 University of Minnesota US 74 51 26 99 84 38 67.1 106 98 University of California, Santa Barbara US 86 42 21 97 37 21 66.6 107 91= Université de Montréal Canada 81 29 36 71 82 74 66.2 108= 131 University of Basel Switzerland 63 30 99 37 99 90 66.1 108= 89 University of California, Davis US 76 47 43 91 26 25 66.1 108= 126 Erasmus University Rotterdam Netherlands 57 98 48 82 57 65 66.1 108= 91= University of Helsinki Finland 85 42 53 67 29 21 66.1 112 102= University of Southern California US 62 66 49 79 66 88 66.0 113 129 University of Waterloo Canada 82 78 13 78 71 41 65.8 114= 97 University of Pittsburgh US 55 30 93 76 73 35 65.6 114= 114 Tel Aviv University Israel 83 38 24 98 35 20 65.6 116 111 Maastricht University Netherlands 48 73 76 70 66 100 65.3 117 149 Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI France 76 22 85 43 27 88 65.0 118 117= Queen’s University Canada 71 88 51 55 68 34 64.7 119 90 Case Western Reserve University US 52 38 88 86 20 52 64.6 120= 128 Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands 55 59 100 42 99 39 64.4 120= 105 Pennsylvania State University US 73 69 29 89 38 34 64.4 122= 147= Freiburg University Germany 67 26 91 44 51 76 64.0 122= 122= University of Maryland, College Park US 67 34 56 83 55 38 64.0 124 147= City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 66 58 63 48 100 60 63.9 125 124= University of Otago New Zealand 68 77 39 52 100 83 63.8 126= 116 Université Catholique de Louvain Belgium 81 53 17 77 47 72 63.7 126= 140 Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon France 42 57 100 71 55 60 63.7 128 96 University of Virginia US 57 91 60 77 22 36 63.5 129= 153 University of Aberdeen UK 54 69 67 57 90 87 63.4 129= 110 Georgetown University US 65 90 65 50 24 51 63.4 129= 121 Ohio State University US 69 77 40 64 69 46 63.4 132= 109 Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Israel 80 55 37 75 18 17 63.0 132= 115 University of Vienna Austria 86 60 13 58 65 77 63.0 134 188= Pohang University of Science and Technology South Korea 53 31 72 97 50 19 62.9 135 133= Cardiff University UK 59 84 63 49 70 72 62.8 136 136 University of Ghent Belgium 68 37 89 43 49 34 62.6 137 133= University of Liverpool UK 52 76 73 54 78 64 62.4 138= 166= Chulalongkorn University Thailand 89 80 53 23 28 14 62.3 138= 144= University of Groningen Netherlands 61 62 63 61 62 49 62.3 140 101 Vanderbilt University US 43 74 100 58 54 36 62.2 141 119 University of Rochester US 48 20 100 64 61 63 61.8 142 214 Keio University Japan 69 88 79 28 24 18 61.6 143 117= McMaster University Canada 75 37 18 98 27 31 60.9 144= 152 University of Bath UK 52 98 48 50 89 94 60.7 144= 227 University of Bergen Norway 59 53 62 58 60 64 60.7 146= 179 University of Cape Town South Africa 64 79 27 62 77 86 60.6 146= 139 Humboldt University of Berlin Germany 83 36 36 51 45 59 60.6 148 180= Waseda University Japan 83 91 43 23 41 30 60.5 149= 170= University of Calgary Canada 68 60 9 100 47 31 60.4 149= 155= Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen Germany 65 27 69 58 53 50 60.4 151= 159 University of Western Ontario Canada 65 67 17 91 70 27 60.3 151= 203 Yonsei University South Korea 76 43 78 30 22 31 60.3 153 144= Shanghai Jiao Tong University China 72 74 62 40 32 16 60.2 154 141 University of Science and Technology of China China 74 61 50 59 17 13 60.1 155= 158 Kyushu University Japan 59 59 71 63 19 34 60.0 155= 183= Lomonosov Moscow State University Russia 78 70 36 37 76 44 60.0 155= 142 Wageningen University Netherlands 38 31 87 82 39 97 60.0 158 162= Newcastle University UK 43 88 63 57 81 86 59.6 159 133= Technical University of Denmark Denmark 39 34 99 62 93 47 59.5 160 157 Tufts University US 35 54 70 88 100 43 59.4 161 132 University of California, Irvine US 71 22 22 99 26 35 59.0 162 170= Lancaster University UK 55 73 59 41 85 81 58.9 163 174= Indian Institute of Technology Bombay India 76 79 43 45 16 13 58.6 164 160 Queen Mary, University of London UK 55 62 75 26 92 90 58.5 165 155= VU University Amsterdam Netherlands 65 59 67 43 39 28 58.3 166= 146 University of Arizona US 64 44 25 94 27 32 58.0 166= 130 University of Sussex UK 54 44 49 62 87 80 58.0 168= 161 University of Lausanne Switzerland 46 43 57 67 88 80 57.4 168= 143 Nanjing University China 76 59 41 42 50 17 57.4 168= 224 Saint-Petersburg State University Russia 63 60 95 21 16 20 57.4 171= 186= University of Barcelona Spain 77 53 17 66 24 37 57.2 171= 174= Hokkaido University Japan 51 60 72 64 19 25 57.2 173 127 Stony Brook University US 54 33 50 68 61 87 57.1 174= 192= University of Bologna Italy 82 62 34 34 27 29 56.9 174= 173 KTH, Royal Institute of Technology Sweden 58 45 49 46 83 98 56.9 174= 216 University of Tsukuba Japan 59 46 77 45 23 36 56.9 177= 195 University of Antwerp Belgium 47 36 99 37 59 56 56.7 177= 200= University of Athens Greece 46 44 65 76 0 91 56.7 179 137= Texas A&M University US 66 64 24 72 32 35 56.6 180 230 Universiti Malaya Malaysia 60 68 68 21 72 65 56.5 181 154 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi India 68 81 46 48 15 13 56.4 182 216 Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen Germany 49 88 75 30 50 66 56.3 183 151 Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey US 69 32 43 57 61 28 56.2 184 207 University of Karlsruhe Germany 47 84 73 33 49 81 56.1 185 258 University of Gothenburg Sweden 49 26 63 62 65 86 55.8 186= 180= University of Colorado at Boulder US 54 20 53 87 36 20 55.6 186= 166= University of Göttingen Germany 64 21 63 48 40 49 55.6 188 186= University of Canterbury New Zealand 57 89 27 39 99 82 55.2 189 182 Macquarie University Australia 61 77 20 43 86 100 54.9 190 150 National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico 68 81 57 21 35 15 54.8 191= 183= Université Libre de Bruxelles Belgium 60 56 22 59 57 96 54.7 191= 194 University of Reading UK 45 71 52 50 80 81 54.7 193= 192= University of Bern Switzerland 40 22 58 83 92 44 54.5 193= 170= Indiana University Bloomington US 61 69 28 58 46 48 54.5 195 224 Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong 57 49 30 54 100 75 54.4 196= 177= University of Leicester UK 38 48 55 67 72 94 53.9 196= 164 Simon Fraser University Canada 67 49 19 53 88 49 53.9 198 162= Chalmers University of Technology Sweden 58 37 48 56 44 57 53.8 199 168 University of Notre Dame US 50 74 44 67 25 31 53.6 200 200= University of Twente Netherlands 47 51 51 53 83 66 53.5 Source: QS Ltd, published October 1 2009. © QS Quacquarelli Symonds Ltd.

本文引用地址： http://www.sciencenet.cn/m/user_content.aspx?id=270402